In this study, we combined the NF-κB/Nfr2 and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and UPLC-HDMS-based serum to investigate the lipid profiles and potential lipid biomarkers in adenine-induced CKD rats that were treated with an ethyl acetate fraction of AO. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.