It was reported that HOTAIR interacted with E3 ubiquitin ligases: Dzip3 and Mex3b [DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) interacting zinc finger protein 3 and Mex-3 (muscle excess 3) RNA binding family member B, respectively] and their ubiquitination substrates, Ataxin-1 (spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 protein) and Snurportin-1 (RNA U transporter 1), respectively [47,48]. The gene discussed is SNUPN; the disease is Azoospermia.