Recently, miR-124 has been described to be involved also in epilepsy in which it seems to play dual and opposing roles in epileptogenesis; indeed, if on one hand, it has been shown to attenuate epileptogenesis by preventing neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) up-regulation involved in the development of epilepsy, on the other hand, miR-124 exacerbates inflammation promoting epilepsy [26]. This evidence concerns the gene REST and epilepsy.