In the mouse model of tularemia, numerous studies have demonstrated the important roles of IFN-γ and TNF for the primary as well as the secondary protective immune responses (Anthony et al., 1989; Fortier et al., 1992; Leiby et al., 1992; Conlan et al., 1994; Elkins et al., 1996; Sjöstedt et al., 1996; Cowley et al., 2010). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is tularemia.