The KEYNOTE-010, CheckMate-057 and KEYNOTE-001 studies showed the clinical activity of PD-1 targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and demonstrated that tumors with the high expression of PD-L1 showed an improved response in comparison to tumors with the low (or no) expression of PD-L1 [12–14]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.