In summary, these data suggest a mechanism whereby IL-1β, produced in response to activation of the UPR in TRAPS DF, downregulates miR-146a and miR-155, by inducing IRE1-dependent cleavage of both these miRs, thereby impairing negative regulation of NF-κB and increasing proinflammatory cytokine production. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.