Moreover, high expression levels of P2X7 receptor have been found in many malignant human tumors, including leukemia (Adinolfi et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2004; Chong et al., 2010), melanoma (Deli et al., 2007), neuroblastoma (Raffaghello et al., 2006), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Giannuzzo et al., 2015), esophageal carcinoma (Santos et al., 2017), papillary thyroid carcinoma (Kwon et al., 2014), renal cell carcinoma (Liu et al., 2015), breast cancer (Tan et al., 2015), prostate cancer (Ghalali et al., 2014), colorectal cancer (Qian et al., 2017), and head and neck cancer (Bae et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene P2RX7 and prostate cancer.