However, from the few available studies addressing oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (Ohta et al., 2003; Tanaka et al., 2003) and myelin components such as the myelin basic protein (MBP) after experimental cerebral ischemia, an inconsistent view on ischemia-caused alterations of oligodendrocyte structures has been emerged. The gene discussed is MBP; the disease is brain ischemia.