VEGFA and cancer: In the current study, we performed modularity analysis using the Markov clustering algorithm and divided the above-mentioned hub network into the following three functional modules: ‘Cell cycle, Pathways in cancer, and P53 signaling pathway’ (48 nodes); ‘MAPK signaling pathway and Focal adhesion’ (38 nodes); and ‘VEGF signaling pathway’ (3 nodes) (Supplementary Figure S3).