Consistent with its superior antitumor efficacy, treatment with a-PDL1-TGFβRII resulted in significant inhibition of FOXP3+ expressing Tregs (p < 0.05, Student’s unpaired t-test) (Fig. 7b, d: left) and a greater elevation in percentage of tumor-reactive IFNγ-expressing CD8+ cells (p < 0.01, Student’s unpaired t-test) (Fig. 7b, d: right) compared with treatment with the a-PD-L1 alone, IgG-TGFβRII alone, and even their combination. Here, FOXP3 is linked to neoplasm.