TNF and Arthritis: Since IL-32 modulates generation of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and two C-X-C chemokine family members involved in inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases3–5, there are different pathophysiological functions in the development of several diseases such as arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer that have been reported3,6,7.