The doubly-activated form of the kinase is prominent, however, in the tumors of ~10% of melanoma patients, where mutational inactivation of the PP6 phosphatase leads to accumulation of phosphorylated AurA bound to Tpx2 on the mitotic spindle, resulting in chromosome instability and DNA damage that can be partially reversed by AurA inhibitors (Hammond et al., 2013; Hodis et al., 2012; Gold et al., 2014). The gene discussed is TPX2; the disease is melanoma.