STAT3 and hyper-IgE syndrome: A connection between STAT-3 and pneumatocele was described in 2007 when a STAT-3 mutation causing STAT-3 deficiency was linked to the hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome [17], which is characterized by eosinophilia, increased IgE levels and an inadequate destructive inflammatory response in the skin and lung leading to pustular and eczematoid rashes, pneumatocele and bronchiectasis [18].