CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia: Regarding etoposide, a randomized trial by Zhang et al. which compared the outcomes of relapsed/refractory (RR) AML patients who received a low-dose CAG regimen (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 μg/m2 for 14 days, aclarubicin 14 mg/m2 for 4 days, and cytarabine 10 mg/m2 BID for 14 days) with and without etoposide (14 mg/m2 for 14 days), showed that the etoposide group achieved a higher CR rate (71.1% vs. 50.9%; P < 0.01) [15].