CTLA4 and hepatitis A virus infection: Commonly reported irAE in patients receiving either anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents includes hematological abnormalities such as pure red cell aplasia,19,20 and non-infection-related inflammatory damage to solid organs, such as colitis, dermatitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis and myocarditis.21–23 While the term irAE implies an intrinsic link between CITE and autoimmune AE, there are very few investigational studies that substantiate such a link.