GRK5 attenuates atherosclerosis through desensitizing tyrosine kinase receptors, such as CSF-1R and PDGFR16; GRK5 is upregulated in mycocardium leading to reduced cardiac β-AR responsiveness in failing human heart27; overexpression of GRK5 enhances the internalization of glucagon receptor mediating hyperglycaemic effects of glucagon in diabetes28; GRK5 has also been indicated to be involved in Parkinson disease29. Here, GRK5 is linked to atherosclerosis.