GRK5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In order to examine the functional roles of GRK5 in NSCLC, we firstly investigated the correlation between the expression of GRK5 protein and clinicopathological features of NSCLC, and applied immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the NSCLC tissue microarray (TMA) (Fig. 1a–c) that contained 539 NSCLC cancerous tissues (including 248 lung SCC and 291 ADC) and 99 normal or non-cancerous tissues (hereafter referred to as normal tissues).