HOTAIR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: HOTAIR, a functional trans-acting lncRNA specifically transcribed from the HOXC gene, which is situated the antisense strand within the intergenic region between HOXC11 and HOXC12 on chromosome 12 [8, 43], and more and more studies focused on the mechanism of HOTAIR, and all these evidences have confirmed that HOTAIR expression lead to malignant transformation of normal cells in varieties of cancers such as ovarian cancers [44, 45], pancreatic tumors [10], hepatocellular carcinoma [11, 46–48], and ESCC [49, 50] to a certain extent.