INS and hyperinsulinism: However, when held in captivity, even the chow-fed rat slowly develops MetS that evolves into diet-induced T2DM with all the pertinent features of the human condition: insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, expansion of intra-abdominal fat pools, hypertension, elevated TG with decreased HDL, and eventually hyperglycemia and beta cell failure resulting in depressed insulin and end-stage diabetes that includes severe ketosis [33,35].