Having established that immunological targeting of ENO1 by DNA vaccination is a powerful stimulus for humoral and cellular responses against PDA (Figure 1 and Figure 4), the next generation of immunotherapy will take advantage of recent data on the effects of chemotherapy to extend and amplify the immune response against ENO1 and predispose the immune system to promptly respond to ENO1 and other TAAs, as well as data demonstrating the effectiveness of the inhibition of PI3K isoforms to unleash antitumor responses in PDA. This evidence concerns the gene ENO1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.