Therefore, FOXA2 may be an important target protein for therapies against LSCC since LSCCs are linked more strongly with smoking than other forms of NSCLC (Khoor et al., 2004; Basseres et al., 2012), and activation of FOXA2 may be useful for treating human LSCC. This evidence concerns the gene FOXA2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.