GAP43 and epilepsy: In a rat model of PTZ-kindling epilepsy, Lian et al. (2005) discovered that GAP-43, an intrinsic presynaptic determinant for neurite outgrowth and plasticity, was overexpressed in model rats, while pretreatment of gastrodin could decrease the expression of GAP-43 as well as reduce the susceptibility of epileptic seizures and decrease the seizure score.