EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In an in vitro study on ESCC cell lines (TE8, T.T and T.Tn), Gefitinib inhibited cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, induced cell cycle arrest, inhibited ligand induced autophosphorylation of EGFR, downstream signaling pathways including Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt, and cell death [42].