Lastly, it was demonstrated that in addition to driving melanomagenesis and invasion of melanoma cells, intrinsic β-catenin signaling prevents anti-tumor immunity, leading to T-cell exclusion and resistance to anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody therapy in melanoma mouse models [38], which could have great clinical significance. Here, CTLA4 is linked to melanoma.