For example, a study in apolipoprotein E deficient mice (ApoE−/−), another mouse model for atherosclerosis, showed that α-cyclodextrin, which is considered as a dietary fiber, reduced the disease by modifying the gut flora [99] together with other mechanisms (e.g. increase in cholesterol solubility, cellular cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory responses) [100]. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and atherosclerosis.