Among PBMC stimulated with malaria antigen AMA1, 4/30 (13.3%) SN vs. 10/30 (33%) SP expressed IFN-γ (P = 0.07, OR 2.5, CI: 0.71–9.99, χ2 analysis); 1/30 (3.3%) SN vs. 12/30 (40%) SP expressed IL-4 (P = 0.002, OR 11.7, CI: 1.8–266.8, Fisher Exact); and 1/30 (3.3%) SN vs. 7/30 (23.3%) SP expressed IL-10 (P = 0.05, OR 6.8, CI: 0.97–163.8, Fisher Exact) (Figure 4A). Here, IL4 is linked to malaria.