PARK7 and Parkinson disease: It is noteworthy that 24 h of treatment with ANP alone significantly up-regulated the expression levels of the survival and anti-apoptotic factor DJ-1 (Figure 7), the product of the PARK3 gene, that has a neuroprotective role against oxidative stress and is dysfunctional or low expressed in PD patients (Bonifati et al., 2003; Canet-Aviles et al., 2004; Martinat et al., 2004; Taira et al., 2004).