In order to clinically clarify the causal relationship between monocyte CD163 and insulin resistance, interventional trials for insulin resistance will be needed, in which monocyte CD163 will be evaluated with some cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-10, and/or TNFα) after intervention such as body weight reduction, exercise, and/or drugs (e.g., thiazolidinedione). Here, IL6 is linked to Insulin resistance.