Sevoflurane pretreatment can activate TLR3 and TLR9 signaling pathway, upregulate TLR3 expression and TRIF expression, decrease TLR9 expression, and downregulate NF-κB expression and inhibited the production of S100β and IL-6, thereby lessening CPB inflammation-induced brain injury. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is brain injury.