Serum levels of 12 proteins (CRP, SAA, sICAM1, sVCAM1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, sIL2Rα, sIL6R, sgp130, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2) were measured in 483 T1D patients without MA (T1D) and 89 T1D patients with MA (MA) (Figure 1A). Here, MMP9 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.