Presented at the 2017 ASCO meeting, Lee et al. from the University of California (77) reported that melanoma patients with additional liver metastases had a lower percentage of CD8+ Eff T cells but a higher percentage of CTLA-4+PD1+CD8+ activated-exhausted T-cells within the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and this was associated with a decreased response to PD1 blockade. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.