CD4 and babesiosis: In summary, our studies confirm the roles of CD4 cells and macrophage in clearance of parasitized erythrocytes during B. microti infection and thus, contributing to resolution of babesiosis (Igarashi et al., 1999, #10007; Hemmer et al., 2000a,b; Aguilar-Delfin et al., 2003; Skariah et al., 2017).