CALCA and neoplasm: However, as shown in Fig. 3c, in the metastasis model established in WTBM → Ndrg2−/− and WTBM → WT BM transplantation mice, we found that WTBM → Ndrg2−/− mice showed significantly improved cancer metastasis, indicating that without the participation of BM-derived Ndrg2−/− cells, Ndrg2−/− KC together with other components of the Ndrg2−/− liver microenvironment did not exhibit a suppression phenotype but instead showed a significant tumor-promoting function.