PVT1 and cancer: For example, PVT1 is highly expressed in tissues and cell lines of gastric cancer41–43, non-small-cell lung cancer44–46, cervical cancer45, and colorectal cancer47, and the increase in its expression levels is significantly related to the degree of infiltration of the malignant tumor, the TNM (tumor–node–metastasis) staging, and the regional lymph node metastasis.