Knockdown of AMPK blocked FGF21-induced ACC–CPT-1-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation and the following lipid-lowering effect of FGF21 in cardiomyocytes, revealing that AMPK-mediated lipid-lowering effect is also involved in the preventive effect of FGF21 against DCM (Fig. 8). The gene discussed is PRKAA1; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.