Seventeen inflammatory transcripts were differentially expressed (p<0.05) in patients with non-malignant infection compared to ATL, out of which ten (CCL5, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR5, CCR6, IFNG, TNF, ICAM1 and IL-10RA) were expressed ≥ 2-fold higher in patient with non-malignant compared to ATL infection. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is infection.