As Nox4 mRNA levels are also elevated in nonprostate tumors (Supporting Information, Fig. S3A), findings herein are also expected to be relevant to other tumor types with a prominent stromal component (e.g., pancreatic ductal carcinoma and cancer of the breast, lung and liver) where a role of Nox4 has been implicated.39, 40, 41. Here, NOX4 is linked to breast carcinoma.