These signals are recognized by PRRs, including TLR-4 (Szabo et al., 2010; Wan et al., 2016), and when sensed by NLRP3, support the hypothesis that inflammasome-driven microflora are potential drivers of NAFLD onset (Wan et al., 2016). Here, NLRP3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.