The aforementioned review by Bain et al. asserts that leukocytosis in suspected concurrent neoplasms is attributable, in the majority of cases, to cytokine-driven neutrophilia accompanying the primary plasma cell neoplasm13 and there is substantial evidence corroborating this, including demonstration of high G-CSF levels and neutrophil counts in a patient with myeloma whose levels declined upon treatment with steroids68. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neoplasm.