INS and peripheral vascular disease: Reduced insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles (insulin resistance) and hyperinsulinism have been found the common features in a widespread of diseases, being implicated in adverse health outcomes such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease (atherosclerosis), congestive heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, android obesity and a variety of malignancies [11, 12].