TGFB1 and neoplasm: Cytokines, such as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β), Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), produced during the early stages of carcinogenesis taking place in an inflamed environment, will have anti-tumor action, while, when produced during chronic inflammation (i.e., once the tumor has been established), will actively promote growth and metastasis [10].