In the last few years, non-haematopoietic EPO analogues, which include asialoerythropoietin (asialoEPO) [18], carbamylated EPO (CEPO) [19], and rHU-EPO with a low sialic acid content (neuroEPO) [20] that do not exhibit erythropoietic activity, have been tested in the treatment of ischemic stroke. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and ischemic stroke.