TGFB1 and Lassa fever: Several previous studies regarding LF fibrosis and hypertrophy have implied that many cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) [16], wnt-induced secreted protein-1 (WISP-1) [13], angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) [17], lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) [18], and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) [19], contribute to the pathologic process of LF fibrosis.