Sera of 439 subjects (57 patients with untreated GD, 34 with treated GD, 15 with GD and Graves’ orbitopathy, 52 with multinodular non-toxic goiter, 86 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 20 with toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goiter, 55 with non-thyroid autoimmune diseases and 120 normal controls) were tested for TRAbs with the ELiATM anti-TSH-R assay (ThermoFischer Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden), the TRAKTM RIA, Brahms (Thermo Scientific, Hennigsdorf, Germany) and the ImmuliteTM TSI assay (Siemens Healthcare, Llanberis, UK). Here, TSHR is linked to autoimmune thyroid disease.