In the context of EBV malignancies, there are increasing reports that LMP1 is secreted within exosomes produced in EBV- or LMP1-positive cells (29, –, 35), indicating that EBV manipulates the tumor microenvironment through exosome-mediated secretion of viral oncogenes such as LMP1 (34). This evidence concerns the gene PDLIM7 and neoplasm.