Likewise, Lai et al [82] reported for the first time that DCN protected endothelia from hyperglycaemia and promoted angiogenesis through IGF-1R/Akt/AP-1/VEGF signalling, which implied that DCN could be a new therapeutic method for patients suffering from DCM (diabetic cardiomyopathy). This evidence concerns the gene DCN and diabetic cardiomyopathy.