TIMP3 and neoplasm: Moreover, DCN inhibits hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and VEGFA via a Met-dependent pathway and induction of the endogenous angiostatin proteins thrombospordin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases-3 (TIMP3) to promote anti-angiogenesis and prevention of tumour growth and metastasis (Figure 3).