VCAM1 and metabolic syndrome: We found that FMD and NO were positively related to eGFRCr, eGFRCysC, and eGFRCr-CysC, and negatively related to ACR, but ET-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were negatively related to eGFRCr, eGFRCysC, and eGFRCr-CysC, and positively related to ACR even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, hypertension, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, lower glucose medication, dyslipidemia, anti-dyslipidemia medication, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, and carotid artery plaque (Table 6).