TGFB1 and cancer: More recently, using a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model, Kuchnio and colleagues showed that PHD2 haplo-deficiency in cancer cells reduce metastasis via two mechanisms: (1) by decreasing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) activation due to a reduced secretion of TGFβ by cancer cells, matrix production and contraction by CAFs and (2) by improving vessel normalization (12).