Taking into account that the NLRP3 inflammasome is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced myocarditis and MSC have been shown to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages20, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of i.v. MSC application on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine CVB3-induced myocarditis. Here, NLRP3 is linked to myocarditis.