NLRP3 and myocarditis: In agreement with the previously demonstrated anti-fibrotic and cardioprotective effects of MSC, associated with improved LV function in CVB3-infected myocarditis mice as demonstrated via conductance hemodynamic measurments18,19, we now show in the same experimental setting that the MSC inhibitory effect on NOD2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with an improved expression of markers involved in Ca2+ regulation (SERCA, phospholamban) and cardiac fibrosis (col3a1, LOX1, LOXL2).