In summary, our data demonstrated that RSV prolifically entered and infected N2a neuronal cells, leading to the modulated expression of TLR4 and C23 as well as of TLR3, TLR7 and their downstream inflammatory factors, suggesting a direct induction of RSV-associated encephalopathy in infants by the RSV infection of neuronal cells. This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and Encephalopathy.