Notably, we observed an expansion of Th17-like cells (CXCR3−CCR6+), identified to be the subset with most potent B cell helping capacity10,12,14,31,32, among the activated cTfh cells in strong ALS responders after vaccinations, with a parallel decrease in the Th1 (CXCR3+CCR6−) subset as well as reduced IFN-γ production. Here, CXCR3 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.